Characterization of Different Salt Forms of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Effects on Nitric Oxide Secretion by Macrophages

In this paper, chitooligosaccharides in different salt forms, such as chitooligosaccharide lactate, citrate, adipate, etc., were prepared by the microwave method. They were characterized by SEM, FTIR, NMR, etc., and the nitric oxide (NO) expression was determined in RAW 264.7 cells. The results showed that pure chitooligosaccharide was an irregular spherical shape with rough surface, and its different salt type products are amorphous solid with different honeycomb sizes. In addition to the characteristic absorption peaks of chitooligosaccharides, in FTIR, the characteristic absorption of carboxyl group, methylene group, and aromatic group in corresponding acid appeared. The characteristic absorption peaks of carbon in carboxyl group, hydrogen and carbon in methyl, methylene group, and aromatic group in corresponding acid also appeared in NMR. Therefore, the sugar ring structure and linking mode of chitooligosaccharides did not change after salt formation of chitooligosaccharides. Different salt chitooligosaccharides are completely different in promoting NO secretion by macrophages, and pure chitooligosaccharides are the best.     

Biodegradable Sodium Alginate/Carrageenan/Cellulose Composite Hydrogel Wound Dressings Containing Herbal Extracts for Promoting Blood Coagulation and Wound Healing

Accelerating the coagulation process and preventing wound infection are major challenges in the wound care process. Therefore, new multifunctional wound dressings with procoagulant, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties have enormous potential for clinical application. In this work, biodegradable hydrogels containing herbal extracts are prepared for wound dressings. First, the active ingredients are extracted from Amaranthus spinosus (A. spinosus) and Rubia cordifolia (R. cordifolia) and added to the hydrogels prepared from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), carrageenan, and sodium alginate. Then the composite hydrogels are air-dried to obtain the wound dressings. The wound dressings prepared in this work have good biocompatibility and moisture retention. The mechanical properties of the wound dressings are further improved with the addition of MCC. Besides, the wound dressings have excellent procoagulant, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties due to the presence of R. cordifolia extract. Overall, the most effective group of wound dressings with different ingredient formulations reduces clotting time by 75% and largely inhibits bacterial growth. The wound dressings perform well in the animal wound models to promote wound healing. These results indicate that the hydrogel wound dressings prepared in this work have great potential for medical applications.     

Turbulent Channel Flow with an Artificial Two-Dimensional Wall Layer

Turbulent flow of an incompressible fluid in a plane channel with parallel walls is considered. The three-dimensional time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations are solved numerically using the spectral finite-difference method. An artificial force which completely suppresses lateral oscillations of the velocity is introduced in the near-wall zone (10 % of the channel half-width in the neighborhood of each wall). Thus, the three-dimensional flow zone, in which turbulent oscillations can develop, is separated from the wall by a fluid layer. It is found that the elimination of three-dimensionality in the neighborhood of the walls leads to a significant reduction in the drag. However, complete laminarization does not occur. The flow in the stream core remains turbulent and can be interpreted as a turbulent flow in a channel with walls located on the boundary of the two-dimensional layer and traveling at the local mean-flow velocity. The oscillations developing inside the two-dimensional layer, which have significant amplitude, distort the flow only in the adjacent zone. Beyond this zone the distributions of the mean characteristics and the structure of instantaneous fields completely correspond to ordinary turbulent flow in a channel with rigid walls. The results obtained confirm the hypothesis of the unimportance of the no-slip boundary conditions for the fluctuating velocity component in the mechanism of onset and self-maintenance of turbulence in wall flows.     

The concept of dual roles design in clean organic preparation

Herein we summarized some clean preparation examples to emphasize the concept of dual roles design (or named as “two birds one stone strategy”) in green and sustainable chemistry. In those examples, the reactants and/or solvent play dual roles rendering a cleaner organic preparation process. Consequently, both the chemical waste and manufacturing cost could be reduced.     

指数分布在概率统计教学中的纽带作用

讨论指数分布在概率统计教学中的作用.从指数分布的定义及特征出发,分五个方面提出指数分布的知识点连接教学法,以此说明指数分布在概率统计教学中的纽带作用.     

聚乙烯吡咯啉酮对稀土变色酸双偶氮类试剂显色反应的褪色作用

研究了非离子型表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯啉酮（ＰＶＰ）、（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４对ＲＥ（Ⅲ）、Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）、Ｚｒ（Ⅳ）、Ｔｈ（Ⅳ）、Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）等离子与变色酸双偶氮类试剂显色反应的影响。建立了大量稀土存在下测定微量Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）的新方法。纯稀土中Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）的测定，回收率在９８．０％～１０１．０％；对矿样测定，６次测定ＲＳＤ为１．７９％。     

Application of nanodiamonds in human body fluid analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry

Direct mass spectrometric analysis of complex biological samples is very important and challenging. In this paper, nanodiamonds have been successfully used in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric analysis of human serum and urine. As a practical tool and platform, it can be widely used in the field of humoral proteomics, and it plays a very promising role in clinical diagnosis, including identification of novel disease-associated biomarkers.     

中华海外磁共振协会(英文)

<正>Oversea Chinese Magnetic Resonance Society(OCMRS)is an independent,non-political and non-profit organization dedicated to bridge magnetic resonance scientists overseas and in China by promoting social,intellectual and academic activities.It was found in the 37th Experimental NMR Conference(ENC)at Asilomar,CA,U.S.,in 1996,and officially registered at Boston,MA,U.S.in 2013.It strives to provide opportunities and benefits for its members by exchanging scientific information,stimulating new research ideas and initializing collaborations.     

Evolution mechanism of Weibo top news competition

In a certain period, some news will compete for the top news to gain the most attention and influence, and more news will be submerged in the ocean of news and become mediocre. This article deeply studies the evolution process and competition mechanism of the dissemination of Weibo news. In this paper, we innovatively propose a pre-processing scheme for traditional small-world networks and scale-free networks and divide nodes into three roles:fans, passersby, and anti-fans. The competition mechanism of Weibo top news is defined from the aspects of node role and node aggregation degree. A network evolution model is established based on the competition mechanism. The propagation characteristics of the network evolution model are deeply analyzed, and simulation experiments are performed on the small-world network and the scale-free network. Finally, the validity and rationality of the new model are verified through comparative experiments, and a feasible scheme for the propagation of top news on Weibo is given.